Annualized Protocols-Canine

Annualized Protocols

Lifetime Vaccination Protocol-CANINE

The AAHA Canine Vaccine Guidelines ( www.aahanet.org/resources/guidelines_canine.aspx) are NOT intended to represent a standardized vaccination protocol…they were developed to facilitate efforts of individual practices in developing a RATIONAL VACCINATION PROTOCOL for individual patients.

This section depicts LIFETIME VACCINATION PROTOCOLS for dogs. The protocols outlined here are representative of protocols currently in use throughout the United States that incorporate recommendations put forth in the 2006 AAHA Canine Vaccine Guidelines.

FACT FINDERS (Footnotes) provided at the end of each table address controversial issues as well as commonly asked questions regarding canine vaccination.

(LANDSCAPE mode may be necessary to print this page due to large tables)

Conventional 3-dose
Initial (PUPPY) Series

CORE Vaccine	Age in Weeks
CORE Vaccine	6wk	7wk	8wk	9wk	10wk	11wk	12wk	13wk	14wk	15wk	16wk	-	1y4m
r Distemper (recombinant) -or- Distemper MLV			D				D				D		D
Adenovirus-2 (MLV)			A2				A2				A2		A2
Parvovirus (MLV)			P				P				P		P
Rabies (killed)											R		R

NON-CORE (OPTIONAL)	Age in Weeks
NON-CORE (OPTIONAL)	6wk	7wk	8wk	9wk	10wk	11wk	12wk	13wk	14wk	15wk	16wk	-	1y4m
B. bronchiseptica w/Parainfluenza (intranasal)											Bb Pi		Bb Pi
B. bronchiseptica (parenteral)							(Bb)				(Bb)		(Bb)

Leptospirosis							(Lept)				(Lept)		(Lept)
Lyme Disease							Ly				Ly		Ly

ALTERNATIVE 4-dose Initial (PUPPY)
Series For CORE Vaccines

CORE Vaccine	Age in Weeks
CORE Vaccine	6wk	7wk	8wk	9wk	10wk	11wk	12wk	13wk	14wk	15wk	16wk	-	1y4m
r Distemper (recombinant) -or- Distemper MLV	D			D			D				D		D
Adenovirus-2 (MLV)	A2			A2			A2				A2		A2
Parvovirus (MLV)	P			P			P				P		P
Rabies (killed)											R		R

FACT FINDERS - Puppy Initial Series:

D-A2-P vaccination: Today, ALL manufacturers sell a 3-way combination product containing Modified Live Virus (MLV) Distemper-Parvovirus-Adenovirus2 (D-A2-P); MLV are strongly recommended over Killed virus vaccines for the CORE antigens.
Recombinant Canine Distemper (rCDV): The rCDV can be used alternatively to any MLV CDV vaccines (there are NO killed CDV vaccines available) as recent publications have demonstrated excellent protection in the face of challenge and a duration of immunity that is at least 3 years (maximum DOI is not known).

NOTE: The rCDV vaccine is the only vaccine to induce protective immunity (shelter challenge model) following a single dose of vaccine (8 week old puppies) despite the presence of maternal antibody. The vector virus (canarypox virus) used in the rCDV is not recognized by CDV maternal antibody; therefore, maternal antibody interference does not occur. (Based on studies conducted at U of Wisconsin).

NOTE: This vaccine can be used in routine vaccination protocols and is especially indicated in dogs known to have risk of exposure to CDV.
Rabies immunization standards (for some reason) have not been established for all States. Rabies Vaccination requirements that have been established in individual States, cities, and/or municipalities take precedence over recommendations listed here and in the AAHA Canine Vaccine Guidelines.
B. bronchiseptica + Parainfluenza (intranasal): is preferred over parenteral vaccine because: only ONE initial dose is required and the immune response results in minimal to no shedding of bacteria (B. bronchiseptica) post-challenge. ALL intranasal products contain both B. bronchiseptica and Parainfluenza.
Parenteral B. bronchiseptica (Bb) vaccines are generally used as an alternative to intranasal vaccines when the patient is aggressively resistant to intranasal administration. Parenteral Bb vaccines do minimize the consequences of infection…they do not appear to prevent infection or post-challenge shedding. Use is generally limited to dogs that resist (fight, bite, scratch, or complain bitterly) intranasal administration.
Parainfluenza virus: it has been suggested that the immunity derived from INTRANASAL Parainfluenza vaccine is superior to that derived from parenteral Parainfluenza. This is important: parainfluenza virus infection is the likely cause of classic “kennel cough”…ie, happy, healthy dog with a persistent, deep, “honking” cough that lasts about 7 to 10 days and responds well to empiric antitussive treatment.
Use of Intranasal vaccines that contain 3 antigens-B. bronchiseptica + Parainfluenza + CAV-2 (hepatitis)-are not generally recommended. REASON: intranasal CAV-2 (hepatitis) vaccine is not regarded as being immunologically superior to parenteral
CAV-2. There is no known advantage to giving both intranasal and parenteral CAV-2.
Leptospirosis vaccination recommendations for puppies are difficult to make. Puppies and small (toy) breed dogs appear to be at greatest risk of acute anaphylaxis following administration of vaccine
( ... particularly leptospirosis?)

Leptospirosis vaccination should be limited to puppies considered to be at reasonable or significant risk of exposure AND that are 12 weeks of age and older.

Risk…however…is especially difficult to define for leptospirosis. The decision to vaccinate with a leptospirosis vaccine should be based on knowledge of current confirmed infections within the community as well as individual risk factors (eg, small dogs [especially dachshunds?] are at greater risk of acute anaphylaxis than larger dogs and puppies < 12 weeks of age).
Lyme borreliosis vaccination is not recommended for all dogs. Vaccination is generally limited to dogs residing in or traveling into high prevalence areas of the US and Canada (especially the Northeastern US and upper Midwest; lower Ontario and Quebec). In addition to vaccination, prevention of Lyme Disease always includes regular application of a topical tick preventative.

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Adult Initial Vaccination

NOTE: ANY dog 4 months of age or older, if presented for INITIAL VACCINATION, should receive 2 doses, 3 to 4 weeks apart, of ALL vaccines deemed appropriate.

Exceptions include:
Intranasal B. bronchiseptica + Parainfluenza virus and RABIES. A single dose is appropriate.

Rabies: A single dose of rabies vaccines can be administered; however a second dose must be administered 1 year later, regardless of the dog’s age on initial presentation.

Adult Booster Protocol-CANINE

CORE Vaccine	Age in Years
CORE Vaccine	2yr+	3yr+	4yr+	5yr+	6yr+	7yr+	8yr+	9yr+	10yr+	11yr+	12yr+
r Distemper (recombinant) -or- Distemper MLV			D			D			D
Adenovirus-2 (MLV)			A2			A2			A2
Parvovirus (MLV)			P			P			P
Rabies (killed)			R			R			R

NON-CORE (OPTIONAL)	Age in Years
NON-CORE (OPTIONAL)	+2yr	+3yr	+4yr	+5yr	+6yr	+7yr	+8yr	+9yr	+10yr	+11yr	+12yr
B. bronchiseptica w/ Parainfluenza (intranasal)	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi	Bb Pi
B. bronchiseptica (parenteral)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)	(Bb)

Leptospirosis	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept	Lept
Lyme Disease	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly	Ly

FACT FINDERS-Adult CANINE Booster Vaccinations:

Triennial Boosters. The decision to administer vaccine to adult dogs every 3 years, rather than annually, is left to the discretion of the individual practice/clinician. ALL Modified Live Virus Vaccines for Distemper, Parvovirus, and Adenvirus-2 will provide protection against challenge for at least 3 years...probably much more!
Minimum duration of protective immunity for the rCDV, MLV-CDV, MLV-CAV2, and MLV-CPV vaccines is considered to be 3-years, regardless of manufacturer. Durations of immunity are likely to exceed 5 years for all CORE vaccines. Killed virus vaccines may not provide protective immunity for 3 years. Rabies booster vaccines must be given in accordance with State or local statutes.
The parenteral B. bronchiseptica (Bb) is an alternative to the intranasal (preferred) product. Duration of protective immunity is generally regarded to be 13-14 months for intranasal vaccines. However, dogs exposed to a high risk environment (boarding kennels, dog “Day Care”) are commonly administered a single booster when: a) risk of exposure is known, AND, b) it has been longer than 6 months since the last dose was administered.
Booster vaccination against B. bronchiseptica (either intranasal or parenteral) should be administered at least 3 to 5 days in advance of likely or known exposure (scheduled boarding, etc). There is no known advantage to administering both intranasal and parenteral B. bronchiseptica vaccine.
Clinicians electing to administer PARENTERAL B. bronchiseptica vaccine to a patient should consider using a CORE combination that includes parainfluenza virus vaccines (ie, D-A2-P-P)
Vaccination of Old Dogs. Beyond 10 to 12 years of age, risk of exposure and infection to CORE antigens is considered to be nil in any dog that has previously been vaccinated. Continued triennial vaccination beyond 10 to 12 years of age is left to the discretion of the clinician and should be based on reasonable knowledge of exposure risk.

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